Traveling

Policy Introduction

Chrome River

William & Mary  uses an electronic travel management solution, Chrome River, for entering and approving travel expense reimbursements. 

Chrome River Transparency

In order to provide an increased level of transparency in the recording of travel reimbursements and to take advantage of Chrome River functionality where approved lodging, meal and incidental rate limits are already loaded in the system.  For instructions on how to use Chrome River, please visit the Chrome River section of this website. 

Definitions

Travel Reimbursement Requirements

Although not all-inclusive, the following information is required for expense reimbursement and must be submitted with the Employee Pre-Approval and Expense Report

• Authorization and Exception approvals
• Approval for mileage reimbursement at IRS mileage rate
• Reason for travel and any unusual fees such as charges for changing a reservation/ticket
• Hard-copy confirmations of expenses if online methods were used to procure services
• Reason for business phone calls, Internet services, or fax services
• Foreign currency conversions calculations related to international travel
• Itemized receipt for lodging or comparative statement if alternative is used (example: Apartment lease)
• Receipt for registration fees
• Reason for reserved "for hire transportation" (example: chartered transportation) Receipts required if claim is more than $75 per instance
• Worked hours and overtime for overtime meals
• Approval for use of private or chartered airlines or State-owned aircraft

Travelers must keep receipts and accurate records of all expenses to ensure correct reporting and submission of travel reimbursements. Travel reimbursements will not be made from travel charge card statements or tissue receipts. 

The University uses GSA rates for Lodging and M&IE expenses, therefore, the correct rates must be selected in Chrome River on the Expense Report by the traveler. The approver of the Expense Report is responsible for ensuring the correct rates are stated for reimbursement, based on actual travel dates. 

(Please note that the GSA rates are generally published for the Federal fiscal year, which runs from October 1 – September 30 annually.)

Travelers must submit the Expense Report to their supervisor within 30 working days after completion of the trip. In the case of continuous travel, the traveler must submit the Expense Report to the supervisor within 30 working days of the last day of travel for which reimbursement is requested. However, employees on continuous travel should request reimbursement at least monthly. University procedures are designed to process reimbursements in a timely manner to allow travel charge card payments to be made by the specified due date. 

By certifying the Expense Report in Chrome River, the traveler is certifying the accuracy of all information, the legitimacy of the travel, and the appropriateness of the expenses. The approval of the traveler’s supervisor certifies that he/she agrees that the travel was necessary and the requested reimbursements are proper.

Timeliness of Reimbursements

Effective January 1, 2023, W&M is standardizing the expense reimbursement process to address the timeliness of reimbursements and match the requirements to IRS Publication 463 for all employee reimbursements.  The Internal Revenue Service and University policy require that employees submit their reimbursement request within 60 days of the expense.   Under the IRS guidelines, a reimbursement processed outside the 60 days limit must be reported as income to the employee.

With proper documentation and very few exceptions, the university may allow the processing of reimbursements that exceeds these 60 days’ timeline up to a 180-day limit for a reimbursement request to be submitted for processing.  If expense reimbursements are not submitted and approved within the established 60-day limit, the amount ultimately paid to the employee could be included in the employee's annual W-2 as taxable income.  These requirements must be met for employee reimbursements to be considered non-taxable.

All expense reports for travel or other employee reimbursements must now be submitted and approved in the Chrome River and BuyW&M following the following rules:

• Employees must submit their expenses no later than 60 days after the expenses were paid or after the date of the return from travel.
• All expenses must have a business connection and have been incurred on behalf of the university or direct support organizations.
• In very few exceptions, employees with reasonable explanations will be allowed to submit their expense reimbursement request beyond the 60 days but up to 180 days from the expense incurred or the last day of travel.  Failure to submit reimbursement timely will result in the amount paid being reported on the employees' W-2.
• Employees' reimbursement request greater than 180 days from the date of the expense or return of travel are not reimbursable. 

No changes to the Travel advance settlements

According to W&M Travel Policy, any traveler who has received a travel advance must complete a travel reimbursement form and submit it within 60 workdays of the traveler's return.  Failure to comply with the advance policy may result in the recovery of travel advance through the employee's payroll.  Employees must return any excess reimbursement or allowance within this established timeline.

Reimbursements that cross-fiscal years

Reimbursements submitted for payment from one fiscal year to another are subject to the 180-Day rule.  Reimbursements for previous fiscal years that are submitted after the 180-day limit will NOT be paid to employees.

Procedures for Noncompliance:

In the event of failure to submit an expense report within 60 days of the last day of travel or expense, resulting in noncompliance:

1. First Warning: The employee will receive an email from the Travel Office, serving as a formal written warning.  This communication will be addressed to the employee only.
2. Second Warning: Following continued noncompliance, the employee will receive a second written warning via email from the Travel Office.  This communication will be addressed to the employee and their immediate supervisor.
3. Final Warning: Upon repeated noncompliance, the employee will receive a final email notification from the Travel Office.  Additionally, the outstanding expense report will be submitted to Payroll as taxable income to the employee.  This communication will also involve the immediate supervisor.

These procedures are in place to ensure adherence to company policies and regulatory requirements regarding expense reporting. 

Travel Pre-Approvals

To ensure adequate planning (identification of costs and exceptions), the University requires employees to prepare a Pre-Approval that includes an estimate of the total cost of any planned travel that meets the following criteria:  (1) overnight official business travel, (2) one-day travel expected to be $1000 or more, (3) expenses will be charged to a Grant, (4) travel to any international location.

Total cost includes lodging, transportation, meals, conference registration, and any other travel costs or course fees must be included in the estimate. Costs of the trip that may be direct billed, such as lodging or conference registration, must also be included in the cost estimate. The estimate must accompany both the Expense Report and any applicable direct-billed Vendor Payment vouchers. For planned travel, the traveler must document that a reasonable effort was made to obtain efficient, effective, and cost beneficial means of travel for the Commonwealth.

Note: Students and Non-WM Affiliates are also required to complete a Pre-Approval if their travel meets the criteria listed on items 2-4 (above).

Travel Management Services

The University currently has a travel services contract with Covington Travel. Following is a list of travel services available from the travel management agency.

• Provide domestic and international airline and railway tickets at the most favorable rate available
• Provide tickets that meet the arrival/departure times and locations requested by the traveler.
• Arrange hotel accommodations when requested.  Take advantage of State government or corporate accounts whichever is greater. When the traveler does not specify a hotel, selects a hotel located close to the place of business.
• Arrange vehicle rentals when requested, using the existing mandatory State contract.  Gets the most favorable rate for the car size or location required by the traveler when the vehicle rental firms do not have vehicles available.
• Arrange group conference accommodations when requested, taking advantage of available discounts.

Covington's team of agents may be contacted by phone at (804) 344-3244 or by email via Covington.

Internet Usage

In addition to all other policies set forth in this travel policy, the following policies must be complied with when using the Internet to purchase travel services.  Usage of the Internet to procure travel services is allowed. Use caution and prudent judgment when choosing an Internet travel service site. Hidden fees, significant pre-payments, or nonexpendable advances can apply that may not be reimbursable. The traveler must comply with procurement guidelines.

Conference Procurement

In planning for an agency-sponsored conference, the Lodging and M&IE guidelines in these regulations should be used as a measure of reasonableness. Agencies should be prudent in selecting the most cost-effective option available. Agencies should follow the Department of General Services, Division of Purchases and Supply procurement guidelines. Documentation supporting the procurement must justify any costs in excess of the guidelines based on the overall conference procurement costs (example: free room space or other free or low-cost amenities needed for meetings). For reimbursements where these guidelines are used, “Cost based on Procurement Guidelines” must be clearly stated on the Expense Report.

Change/Cancellation of Travel Plans 

Understanding the ramifications of altering or canceling travel plans is crucial for reimbursement considerations.  Expenses incurred due to a traveler's unexpected emergencies leading to changes or cancellations are generally not eligible for reimbursement; it is expected that the travelers coordinate with vendors directly for any necessary adjustments.

To qualify for reimbursement, a valid business purpose for the change or cancellation must be provided, such as a cancelled conference/meeting, airline-initiated flight cancellation, or a determination by the university that travel would endanger the traveler's health and safety.

Please note that this list not exhaustive, and the Travel Office collaborates with the Legal Office to assess the feasibility of reimbursements in such cases.  

Lodging

Lodging may be reimbursed when an individual is traveling overnight on official business outside his/her official station. Lodging expense reimbursement varies with the travel destination, but all expenditures must be necessary and reasonable. Primary responsibility for ensuring the reasonableness of amounts reimbursed rests with the Agency Head or designee. This includes ensuring that all travel expenditures have been approved at the appropriate level required, as defined in these regulations.

Lodging Rates

Lodging Exceptions

Conference Hotels up to 200% of the lodging rate

For Conference Hotels, the agency head or designee appropriate to the department may approve reimbursement for lodging up to 200% of the maximum rate when circumstances warrant under State Funds.  A justification for the exception must be completed on the compliance warning on the expense report.

Non-Conference Hotels up to 150% of the lodging rate

For Non-Conference Hotels, the Agency Head or Designee appropriate to the department may approve reimbursement for lodging up to 150% of the maximum rate when circumstances warrant under State Funds. A  justification for the exception must be completed on the compliance warning on the expense report.  Non-Conference Hotels in excess of 150% up to 200% with Dean or VP approval is allowable under University Local Funds.

Reimbursements above the 200% of the lodging rate

If the room rate exceeds 200% of the allowance, prior approval from the Chief Financial Officer is required.  Approval is required for any room rate that exceeds the 200% allowance regardless of multiple people sharing a room. Conference Hotels in excess of 200% with CFO pre-approval and cost benefit comparison are only allowable under University Local Funds. Non-Conference Hotels in excess of 200% with the CFO's pre-approval and cost benefit comparison is only allowable under University Local Funds. The CFO's  decision is final. It is routed directly to the approvers on the pre-approval in Chrome River if the lodging rate will exceed 200%.

The cost benefit comparison is required and must include the event or travel information, include the standard per diem rate, the actual per diem rate, and any addition explanation or justification for exceeding the per diem limits.  This comparison should be attached or in the comment section on the Pre-Approval. If the request is for a direct pay, an email must be sent to the CFO with the cost comparison attached to submit for approval. 

Number of persons in a hotel room

Alternative Lodging

When lodging other than hotels and motels is used, e.g., apartments, houses, etc., a comparison Statement including authorization by Agency Head or Designee must be submitted with the Expense Report. The comparison Statement should show the total cost for using the alternate accommodations and length of contract, the cost of the alternative accommodations, and net savings.

Third Party Lodging (i.e. AirBnB, VRBO, Home)

Hotels and other commercial properties carry insurance that covers their guests in case of injury or property loss. The type of properties offered via Third Party Lodging and similar services vary widely in the type of coverage available for guests (if they offer any at all).  Because of this, the University does not recommend its use for business travel.

Despite this, we recognize that in limited instances this option might best suit the needs of faculty and staff traveling internationally.  For international travel, there may be occasions where Third Party Lodging provides a better alternative given limitations on hotel or other commercial options.

If you choose to utilize these services, please be aware:

1. The University prohibits the use of State Funds to pay for these services with the exception of Sponsored Programs projects subject to sponsors’ restrictions.
2. The University cannot offer funds including private funds in advance (pre-payment) for these services.
3. The University prohibits the use of the Small Purchase Credit Card (SPCC) to either pre-pay or process final bill for these services.
4. These expenses must be paid personally by the traveler and be reimbursed by the University. All reimbursements must comply with University reimbursement procedures and limitations.
5. The user of these services accepts personal responsibility and all liability associated with any incident that may occur during their stay.
6. If the employee traveling on university business encounters losses due to issues with his or her reservation, the university will not pay for those losses if additional lodging is required.
7. Please note employees will not be reimbursed for these accommodations if traveling domestically unless no commercial options are available; documentation to support is required.
8. This policy does not extend to student travel.

Unused Reservations

Communicate travel plan changes to the hotel as soon as possible when a confirmed reservation is being held. Since hotels can charge for non-canceled reservations, these charges will not be reimbursed if the traveler is negligent in canceling reservations.  

In emergency or unavoidable situations, reimbursement of an unused hotel room may be approved on an exceptional basis by the Agency Head or designee as long as every reasonable effort is made to recoup or avoid the cost of the hotel room.

Advance Payments

Direct Agency Billing of Lodging Expenses

Direct agency billing of lodging expenses (rates, taxes, and surcharges only) incurred during overnight travel is permitted. Direct bill charges, however, are still considered travel expenditures and are governed by these travel policies and should be included with the estimated costs of the trip if the trip is expected to exceed $500. A copy of the travel estimate should be included with the vendor payment. Direct agency billing of meal expenses incurred during overnight travel, including charging meals to direct-billed hotel rooms, is not permitted. Documentation supporting direct bills must include the name of traveler, dates, and purpose of travel.

Hotel Bills

Submit with the original Expense Report the original, itemized hotel bills obtained at time of checkout, and other supporting receipts for lodging expense. For hotel rooms obtained through Internet providers, the traveler must submit the “hardcopy final page from the Internet site showing total cost and confirmed services.” Any unusual charges must be fully documented. 

Lodging Contract Partners

https://www.wm.edu/offices/supplychain/procurement/purchasing/hotels-and-local-lodging/index.php

Meals and Incidentals (M&IE)

Generally, meals and certain incidental travel expenses are reimbursable on a per diem basis (not actual expenses) for overnight official business travel outside the traveler’s official station. 

M&IE Per Diem Allowance

Information regarding standard meal and incidental reimbursement guidelines (including all related taxes and tips) are provided in the M&IE Rates Section below. Regardless of destination, a flat $5 per diem amount is paid for each day of overnight travel for incidental expenses such as bellhop/waiter tips, valet, personal telephone calls, laundry, and transportation between lodging or business and places where meals may be taken. 

The M&IE rate shall be paid directly to the traveler even where it can be shown that one traveler incurred the expenses on behalf of another. The applicable M&IE rate, or fraction thereof, is payable to the traveler without itemization of expense or receipts. Reimbursement for actual expense incurred during overnight travel for these expense categories is not permitted. Agencies may be more restrictive and pay the actual expenses up to the appropriate M&IE rate in place of maximum per diem.

M&IE Rates

All M&IE Rates are governed by the U.S. General Services Administration (GSA) rates located at the link below. These rates should also be used to determine the maximum meal reimbursement amounts for official business meals and/or the M&IE reduction. 

The M&IE must be reduced for the applicable meal when meals are provided at no cost during an overnight travel period. Refer to the Proration’s and Reductions section on the next page for additional guidance. The M&IE Rates listed on the GSA website include amounts for the 75% travel days. The M&IE Rates must be used unless a traveler needs to make an adjustment for provided meals, as noted in the Proration’s and Reductions section. 

The following reimbursement policies apply.

• The M&IE per diem must correspond to the location specified for the overnight lodging.
• Direct agency billing of meal expenses incurred during overnight travel, including charging meals to direct-billed hotel rooms, is not permitted.

Proration’s and Reductions

The following link must be used to calculate proration’s and deductions for meal per diems: GSA Website

On a travel departure or return day, 75% of the Meals and Incidentals per diem is reimbursed. For example, if the M&IE rate allows a $51 total reimbursement, $38.25 [($51 x .75) = $38.25. For trips involving multiple travel destinations, base the reduction on the per diem in effect for where the night was spent as follows:

• Departure Day: Where you spend the night.
• Return Day: Where you spent the night before returning to home base.

When meals are provided at no cost in conjunction with travel events, the applicable M&IE per diem reimbursement rate shall be reduced by the amount shown for the applicable meal in the M&IE Rate Table, excluding the incidental allowances. For example, if the M&IE rate allows a $51 total reimbursement, and lunch was provided at no cost, the total allowable reimbursement for that day would be $39 ($51 - $12 lunch).

However, when meals are provided at no cost in conjunction with travel events on a travel departure or return day, the full Meals per diem reimbursement rate is reduced by the full amount of the appropriate meals followed by a 75% prorating of the balance. For example, if the M&IE rate allows a $51 total reimbursement, and lunch was provided at no cost on a travel departure or return day, the total allowable reimbursement for that day would be $29.25  [($51 - $12 lunch (lunch= $39 x .75) = $29.25.

Meals Included in Registration

When meals are included with registration or lodging expense as part of a package, the number and type of meals (breakfast, lunch, dinner) must be recorded on the Expense Report. If a continental breakfast or reception is offered as part of the travel event and the food/timing is sufficient to serve as a meal, the traveler must reduce the per diem by the appropriate allowance amount. If a breakfast is offered at no charge by the hotel and the traveler does not partake in the breakfast due to any reasonable circumstance (e.g. early work hours do not allow for participation in the provided breakfast, the food provided was not adequate, the traveler’s dietary needs were not met, etc.), then the traveler must notates this on the Expense Report. If a meal is offered as part of a conference and the traveler has medical restrictions, the traveler should make every effort to have the conference facilitate his/her needs by the deadline specified by the conference. If the conference does not honor the request, the traveler is not required to deduct the applicable meal allowance from the per diem. However, the traveler must include a note or other documentation with the Expense Report documenting this information.

Overtime Meal

Agency conditions that necessitate overtime vary greatly.  Overtime status is when work or travel time occurs beyond an employee’s normal, schedule work hours, but not overnight.  Therefore, overtime meal allowance does not apply during overnight travel.  

An overtime meal allowance is allowed when overtime worked is:

• Essential to the Institution's mission
• Permitted by Converted Institution policy
• Approved by appropriate authorized approver, and
• In excess of the employee's normal, schedule work hours

Generally, an employee would not be eligible for an overtime meal until they had out of necessity been on duty for 10 hours.  The documentation must describe the circumstances involving the overtime and note that the overtime was essential to the department.  The letter must include the employees normal work schedule for the day and the overtime start and end times.  The meal is not reimbursable if taken at the end of the overtime period.

Authorized overtime meals may be reimbursed based on actual costs incurred for each meal up to published meal limits in this policy.  Receipts are required.  If a receipt is not available, reimbursement will be made at the rate of $5 for meals within an employee’s official station and $10.00 outside the official station.  An official station is defined as the area within a 25-mile radius of where an employee routinely performs his/her duties.

Note: Or if comparable overtime is necessitated by shift schedule or beyond a routine, scheduled 40-hour work period. Agencies are required to comply with IRS regulations regarding reportable meals.  An overtime meal allowance based on the number of hours worked is considered taxable wages and must be reported to the IRS.  All overtime meals must be coded to expenditure account 712870.

IRS Reporting Requirements for Business Meals

Allowed and Disallowed Expenses

Allowed Expenses

Taxes, fees, and surcharges paid by the traveler for lodging.

Business Telephone Calls, Telegrams, Internet Access, Hotel Business Center Charges, and Facsimiles for official business purposes and paid for by the traveler may be claimed on the Expense Report. A full explanation must be stated on the Expense Report accompanied by supporting documentation. Individuals using personally owned cellular telephones may be reimbursed for business calls when shown to be cost beneficial or necessary. In this case, an itemized cell phone statement must be included and attached to the Expense Report. In the event that free minutes are used for business calls, reimbursement is not permitted. 

Funeral attendance expenses for travel outside of the official station are reimbursable for one employee selected by the Agency Head or designee to represent the agency. Lodging and M&IE are allowed if the representative is considered to be in, travel status and overnight stay is required. 

Disallowed Expenses

The above list is not all-inclusive. Travelers should use prudent judgment and remember that all travel expense accounts are open to the public and must be able to sustain the test of public review. The following expenses are disallowed.

• Lost or stolen articles
• Alcoholic beverages
• Damage to personal vehicles, clothing, or other items
• Services to gain entry to a locked vehicle
• Movies charged to hotel bills
• All expenses related to the personal negligence of the traveler such as fines
• Entertainment expenses
• Travel Insurance (Personal injury or loss, trip interruption/cancellation, etc.)
• Towing charges
• Expenses for children, spouses and companions while on travel status
• Flight Insurance

Transportation

University-Owned Vehicles

Rules and policies for use of a State vehicle are defined in the Office of Fleet Management Policies & Procedures issued by the Department of General Services. Agency Heads shall limit authorization for commuting in State-owned vehicles to those employees whose job travel requirements make commuting the only cost-effective or practical alternative. When using a University-Owned Vehicles travelers must use the Voyager Fuel Card to fuel the vehicles.  

State Owned Aircraft Travel

State-owned aircraft are available on a priority basis and can be scheduled through the Department of Aviation (DOAV).  Refer to the Aircraft Use Policy and Guidelines that can be found on DOAV's website at www.doav.virginia.gov.  Costs should be compared with commercial rates to determine the best air carrier travel for State travel.

Personal Automobiles

Employees are permitted to use their personally owned automobile when a State-owned vehicle or Enterprise rental vehicle is not available, or when the use of a personally owned vehicle is cost-beneficial to the agency. Employees electing to use their personal vehicle as a matter of convenience will be reimbursed for mileage at the lowest combined capital and operational trip pool rate charged by OFMS. 

Current Mileage Rates

Current Mileage Rates including the IRS rate are built into Chrome River.  To receive the higher mileage reimbursement rate for personal vehicle mileage exceeding an average of 200 miles per day per trip, the employee must submit a cost/benefit analysis and upload it to Chrome River.   Employees electing to use their personal vehicle as a matter of convenience for trips exceeding an average of 200 miles per day will be reimbursed for mileage at the reduced rate of .246 per mile (Fleet Rate).

If the higher mileage rate is used for reimbursement, the Agency Fiscal Officer is responsible for ensuring the appropriate justification has been documented and approved by the Agency Head or Designee. This documentation and approval must be attached to the Expense Report.

Average Daily Mileage Rule

Cost Benefit Analysis

Agencies must conduct a cost/benefit analysis to determine whether a State-owned/Enterprise rental or a personally-owned vehicle should be used in official State travel. It is expected that a good faith effort will be made to use the Enterprise Rental contract when practical. Generally, a personal automobile is considered cost beneficial under the following circumstances: (1) When occasional travel is planned for distances up to 200 miles per day. (2) For overnight travel, consider the average daily mileage over the period the State vehicle would otherwise be needed.  (3) For constant daily routine travel and (4) when an emergency exists and is approved by the Agency Head or Designee.

Mileage versus Air Costs

Commuting Mileage

Travel Routing

Base Point

An employee can only have one base point, even if the employee has multiple work locations. It is the agency’s responsibility to assign the base point to be used for reimbursement purposes. 

The employee’s residence can be assigned by the agency as base point when it is cost beneficial to the State. In this case, the mileage driven from the employee’s residence to one or temporary work locations, including the employee’s central office, is official State business mileage and is fully reimbursable. Agencies are expected to establish stringent administrative controls at sufficiently high levels to ensure that the assignment of an employee’s residence as their base point is authorized only when justifiable. 

Weekend and Holiday Mileage

Mileage incurred when the individual is required to work on a Saturday, Sunday, or holiday that is not a scheduled workday may be reimbursed subject to an agency policy permitting such reimbursement.

Out of country Mileage

Reimbursement for out-of-country travel will be at the rate established in the current Appropriation Act. However, if a higher personal, mileage rate is justifiable; a request must be sent to the VP of Finance and Chief Financial Officer for approval. This request must have appropriate documentation to support the proposed reimbursement

Parking & Toll Expenses

Parking and Toll expenses are reimbursable. A receipt is required for reimbursement claims where each individual claim is greater than $75 per instance. Reimbursement must be claimed as an “other expense” on the Expense Report. When no receipt is required, the traveler must add a comment to the Expense Report with that information. Airport parking is allowable at the most cost beneficial to the University.  Parking at airport Economy lots are reimbursable under State Funds, and additional expenses are allowable under Local Funds with justification.

Baggage Fees

Certain airlines now charge additional fees (baggage) for services formerly included in the airfare cost. When procuring airfare for business travel, travelers should consider total costs in selecting the most appropriate carrier.  Baggage fees are reimbursable to the traveler up to $60 per one-way trip under State Funds.  Baggage fees $61 and above are allowable with justification under University Local Funds.  Travelers are expected to be aware of these limits. In the event these limits must be exceeded for legitimate business purposes, the cost is reimbursable. A receipt and appropriate explanation must be attached to the Expense Report.

Public Transportation

Public transportation travel includes: (1) Rental Car, (2) Plane, (3) Train, (4) Bus and (5) Taxi, Shuttle or other for hire transportation.

Public transportation rates must not exceed those for tourist or coach class accommodations. Receipts for such expenses must be retained for submission with the Expense Report. Because of the liquidity of air and rail tickets, any unused portions must be returned to the agency for credit. Each agency must have a written policy and assigned responsibility for obtaining and controlling airline and rail tickets, particularly any unused portions.

Charges for changes to tickets/reservations to accommodate personal comfort, convenience and taste are not reimbursable. Change fees must be explained on the Expense Report.

For taxis, shuttle vans and other forms of on demand or reserved “for hire transportation,” receipts are required only if the reimbursement claim exceeds $75 per instance. A reason must be identified on the voucher of the necessity for reserved “for hire” transportation. Reimbursement for limousine or other forms of luxury transportation services are not allowed. A maximum tip of 15% of the taxi cab or shuttle service fare is reimbursable as a transportation cost separate from Meals and Incidental Expenses. For reimbursement under State Funds. Tips in excess of 15% are allowable under Local funds up to a maximum 20% tip. For reimbursement, the  the Expense Report must separate the amount for the tip from the amount of the fare.

Public transportation from place of lodging to restaurants is allowed only for official business needs.

Air & Rail Tickets

Generally, airline and rail travel cannot exceed the rates charged for tourist or coach class accommodations. Recently, airlines have created a higher level of coach class service that charges a premium for certain desired seats. Such upgrades in the coach seating area are enhancements to the coach fare and are not reimbursable.  With careful consideration of the reasonableness limitations specified in the “Expenses Must be Reasonable and Necessary” section of these regulations, the approving authority may grant permission for business class air or rail travel under the following circumstances:

Air: (1) When it does not cost more than the lowest available tourist/coach fare (comparison must be attached to Expense Report), or (2) For travel to Western Europe if the business meeting is conducted within three hours of landing, or (3) For transoceanic, intercontinental trips involving flight-time of more than eight consecutive hours with justification are allowable under State Funds.  Cost in excess of Economy class for travel is less than eight hours with justification are allowable under University local funds or, (4) if the traveler pays the difference.

Rail: (1) When it does not cost more than the lowest available tourist/coach fare (comparison must be attached to Expense Report), or (2) When reserved coach seats are not offered on the route, or (3) If the traveler pays the difference. Cost in excess of Economy class are allowable with justification under University local funds.

Airline and Rail upgraded seating is not allowable under State Funds. Cost in excess of an Economy seat is allowable under local funds. This includes priority seating upgrades.  

Reimbursement for first class air or rail travel is prohibited.

Note: Documents that validate the mode and class of travel are required for all air and rail reimbursements made directly to the employee. 

Combining Business with Personal Travel

When a traveler purchases airfare and wants to combine personal travel with a business trip for the University:

• 3 flight comparisons must be completed prior to purchasing the combined ticket.
• The flight comparisons must include only Economy flights using the business departure and return dates and the location for the round-trip and be the most cost beneficial to the University.
• If the comparisons for the business trip exceed the flight for the actual combined trip, the full airfare may be charged and reimbursed.

Fly America Act

Generally, if a traveler is traveling on funds provided by the federal government, he/she must use a U.S. flag carrier (an airline owned by an American company), regardless of cost or convenience.  If you are scheduling international travel that is federally funded, you must ensure that all flights, where possible, are scheduled on U.S. flag carriers or on foreign air carriers that code share with a U.S. flag carrier. Code sharing occurs when two or more airlines “code” the same flight as if it was their own. In other words, a U.S. airline may sell a seat on the plane of a foreign air carrier; this seat is considered the same as one on a plane operated by a U.S. flag carrier. Compliance with the Fly America Act is satisfied when the U.S. flag air carrier's designator code is present in the area next to the flight numbers on the airline ticket, boarding pass, or on the documentation for an electronic ticket (passenger receipt).

For additional information, contact the Grants Office.

Bus Travel

Car Rental

Reimbursement of car rental expenses is limited to official business use only. Car rentals may be made through Enterprise / National rental agencies. The traveler must select the most economical contractor and type of vehicle available, and acquire any commercial rate or government discount available when the vehicle is rented. The university allows Compact or Economy rentals only. Any other vehicle classes require a business justification. 

In most cases, rental vehicles would only be necessary after reaching the destination of travel. However, for travel initiated from the traveler’s base point, the traveler may conduct a cost/benefit analysis to determine if it is beneficial for the State to use a rental car in lieu of a personal vehicle for the planned trip. The cost/benefit analysis should consider the cost of the rental car, any surcharges, and the cost of fuel for operating the rental vehicle. If this analysis demonstrates that it is cost effective to obtain the rental car and agency policy permits, a rental car may be used, and the cost/benefit analysis must be attached to the Expense Report. 

Non-WM Affiliate Car Rentals and Personal Vehicle Use

Reimbursement is permitted for car rental expenses for Non-WM Affiliate and other guests of the University.  A Non-WM Affiliate is allowed to rent from any rental car agency; however, guests of the University cannot use the Enterprise Contract through the University.  The most economical type of vehicle available is allowed for reimbursement. The university allows for Compact or Economy rentals only. A business justification is required for any larger vehicle class.  If the guest does not own or have access to a personal car, a car rentals is allowed, however a traveler may not rent a car to travel to the airport and park it for the term of the trip.  In this instance, the traveler may take a shuttle, rail, or some other form of public transportation.

As a Non-WM Affiliate, the use of a personal vehicle is allowed.  Reimbursement at the current IRS mileage rate, as long as the total mileage reimbursement is cost beneficial to the University when compared with other modes of travel such as airfare. 

Car Rental Refueling and GPS Optional Services

Travelers must ensure that the rental vehicle is refueled before returning the vehicle to the rental contractor unless an exception is noted. Reimbursement will be based on the fuel used and receipts provided. Reimbursement must be claimed as a fuel expense on the Expense Report. 
In no instance should the traveler enter into a “Fuel Agreement” or pay for fuel at the time of rental or before vehicle is used to avoid paying for fuel not used.  It is allowable with a bona fide business purpose to reimburse for Fuel Service Plan under university local funds. 

GPS and other optional services are disallowed under State Funds. However, GPS is allowable with a bona fide business purpose under university local funds.

Traveler’s Tip

The Department of Treasury, Division of Risk Management, covers all rental car damages and liability when the State employee is negligent or “at-fault.” This is why the employee should decline additional coverage (CDW, LDW, PDW, LIS, or SLI) by the rental car company.

However, for damage caused when no fault can be determined (hit and run, parking lot scrape and go, etc.), or by an uncontrollable act (hail damage, deer collision, rock to the windshield, etc.) the agency will be responsible for the repair to the vehicle. The Division of Risk Management offers “Lease Care” insurance to agencies to cover damages when no one is liable. This coverage is optional and each agency should make a decision on obtaining “Lease Care” coverage based on their particular risk situation. 

Additionally, a traveler may encounter a situation when renting a car outside of Virginia and the car rental company requires the traveler to obtain coverage from the car rental company or show some evidence of insurance. The traveler should determine if this requirement is in effect for their travel destination and if so obtain a “Proof of Insurance” certificate from the Division of Risk Management.

Rental Vehicle Coverage

Liability protection is provided under the Commonwealth Risk Management Plan (see Section VIII). University employees are covered for physical damage to vehicles.  This coverage is for any damage the driver causes to the vehicle; however, it does not cover damage by fire, weather, vandalism, animal damage, glass breakage and similar events (i.e., crack in the windshield caused by a rock; damage inflicted on parked/vacant vehicles).  Damages of this type will be charged to the department that rented the vehicle.  The university does not pay additional collision damage insurance.  Drivers electing the purchase this coverage will not be reimbursed, unless private funds available through one of the university's affiliated foundations.

International Coverage

Although the university's liability and physical damage insurance is applicable overseas, it is recommended that travelers purchase liability and collision damage insurance at the destination.  The purchase of such rental automobile insurance is a State-approved reimbursable expense.

The option to purchase insurance offered by rental car contractors depends on upon the following:

International Travel

Approval Authority

In addition to all other policies set forth in this travel policy, the following policies must be adhered to when traveling internationally. A Pre-Approval must be completed prior to travel and approved by the respective Agency Head or Designee.

International Travel Review Committee (ITRC) approval of international travel is mandatory when it involves countries on the university's advisory list.  Please find more information on the university's international travel policy and travel advisories page here. 

Air Travel Emphasized

The guidelines stated previously for air travel also apply to international travel. Specifically, airline travel cannot exceed the rates charged for tourist/coach fare except as follows:

With careful consideration of the reasonableness limitations specified in the “Expenses Must be Reasonable and Necessary” section of these regulations, the approving authority may provide written authorization for business class travel, or premium coach seating, under the following circumstances:

When it does not cost more than the lowest available tourist/coach fare (comparison must be attached to Expense Report), or
For travel to western Europe if the business meeting is conducted within three hours of landing, or

For transoceanic, intercontinental trips involving flight-time of more than eight consecutive hours are allowed under State Funds.  Cost in excess of Economy class for travel that is less than 8 hours with justification is allowable only with University Local Funds, or

If the traveler pays the difference

Reimbursement for first class travel is prohibited.