Norovirus

Norovirus, also known as the stomach flu, is a common gastrointestinal virus that circulates primarily in the winter and early spring months. Since the pandemic, Norovirus cases have peaked later than pre-pandemic peaks. The 2024-25 Norovirus season in Virginia has seen the highest levels of the illness since 2012.

Common symptoms include:

Nausea/vomiting
Diarrhea
Abdominal pain
Fever
Aching limbs

Not everyone gets the full constellation of symptoms, but most find the symptoms quite dramatic and unpleasant.

The main mode of transmission is through physical contact with contaminated surfaces or individuals. Individuals will generally develop symptoms within 12-48 hours of contracting the virus, and will remain contagious for up to 2 days after symptom resolution.

Antibiotics are ineffective against all viruses, including Norovirus.

Thorough handwashing is the single best way to avoid contracting Norovirus. Washing with soap and water for 20 seconds is best. Typical alcohol-based hand sanitizers do not kill Norovirus.

If you have symptoms consistent with Norovirus:

Do not attend work or class (preferably until symptoms have resolved for 48 hours)
Hydrate well with water and avoid alcohol or caffeine (which interfere with hydration). This is the most important treatment!!

Over-the-counter medications, while not cures, can alleviate symptoms:

Acetaminophen (Tylenol) for fever and body aches. Avoid Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) which can exacerbate stomach irritation.
Pepto Bismol or Immodium for nausea/vomiting and diarrhea.

While the vast majority of people with Norovirus do not require medical intervention, seek medical attention if you develop:

Signs of severe dehydration (no or little urine output, inability to drink water, dizziness/lightheadedness)
Blood in diarrhea or vomitus
High fever >101
Diarrhea >3 day or Vomiting > 24 hours
Severe abdominal pain

Symptoms are generally relatively short-lived, with most individuals recovering fully in 1-3 days.

Do not assume immunity after you have had a case of Norovirus. There are many different strains, which means you can contract the condition more than once. Good hand-washing practices after a Norovirus infection is just as important as it is before one!

Each of us can do our part to decrease the spread of Norovirus by following the above guidelines - especially practicing excellent hand hygiene and encouraging those around us to do the same.