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  1. Limited Testing at a Slave Quarter and Small Prehistoric Sites: A Phase II Archaeological Evaluation of Sites 44KW71 and 44KW73, Proposed Mann Landfill Expansion Area, King William County, Virginia  by J. B. Jones, M. W. McCartney, and L. McFaden, 1990 viii + 100 pp. 35 figs., 4 tables, 3 appdx.
    2. This report summarizes archaeological evaluations of two sites near the Pamunkey River in King William County, Virginia. Site 44KW71 is a prehistoric lithic scatter occupied during the Late Archaic and Middle Woodland periods. Site 44KW73 is a multicomponent site with occupations dating from the Late Archaic, Middle Woodland, Late Woodland/Protohistoric, and the early to mid-19th century. The Late Woodland/Protohistoric component may represent an ephemeral camp indirectly associated with nearby Uttamussak, an important ceremonial site of the Powhatan Confederacy. The 19th-century component includes two refuse-filled pits that served as interior root cellars for slave cabins.
     
  2. A 17th-Century Farmstead in the Interior Coastal Plain: Phase III Data Recovery of Site 44CC297, Proposed Landfill, Charles City County, Virginia  by  J. B. Jones, M. W. McCartney, D. B. Blanton, R. R. Hunter, Jr., and J. L. Smith, 1991 ix + 104 pp. 42 figs., 8 tables, 5 appdx.
    3. This report summarizes archaeological data recovery conducted on a late 17th-/early 18th-century farmstead in the upper reaches of the Chickahominy River drainage. The fieldwork focused on a feature complex that included the remains of a small earthfast house and several pit features. The low artifact density and feature characteristics indicate a brief occupation span. This is confirmed by documentary sources suggesting that it is the first-stage homelot of a tenant farmer. The information summarized in this report provides comparative data useful in studies of late 17th-/early 18th-century intersite and intrasite settlement patterns in the Chesapeake region. A refitting study of prehistoric lithic artifacts from the site is also included.
     
  3. A Preservation Plan for the Matthew Jones House, Fort Eustis, Virginia by W. Graham, W. J. Davis, D. W. Linebaugh, L. McFaden, and V. Patrick, 1991 xii + 110 pp. 47 figs., 3 tables, 6 appdx.
    4. This report summarizes archaeological, historical, and architectural evaluations conducted on the ca. 1725 Matthew Jones House. These evaluations served as the context for developing a preservation plan to manage and maintain the structure. The house is a 1 ½-story structure with two exterior gable-end chimneys. There is significant evidence that the building originally was of frame construction (Period I, ca. 1725) and in 1730 was rebuilt in brick (Period II). All that survives from the Period I house are four framing members and the two chimneys. In 1893 (Period III), the structure was given a full second floor, and the chimney stacks were modified. The building exhibits characteristics, including earthfast technology, that have been virtually lost in Virginia, and demonstrates the transformation from a pre-Georgian hall/chamber house to the ideal gentry house of the period. This house is a complex building with many rare features that add considerably to our knowledge of the architectural expectations of America's gentry class during the first half of the 18th century.
     
  4. An 18th- and 19th-Century Plantation in the Interior Coastal Plain: Phase III Data Recovery at Site 44JC240, Massie Farm Property, James City County, Virginia by J. B. Jones and C. M. Downing, 1991 xiii +140 pp. 89 figs., 1 table, 4 appdx.
    5. This report summarizes the results of excavations at a domestic complexoccupied from the mid-18th century until the end of the  19th century.Throughout the 19th century, the plantation was owned and occupied by members of a relatively affluent James City County family. The remains of fence lines, boundary ditches, and structural remains of both the main dwelling and nearby  outbuildings, including a slave quarter, provide insights into changing utilization of space.
     
  5. A Study of Small Prehistoric Site Structure and Function: Phase II Archaeological Evaluation of Site 44SN203, Associated with the Route 58 Franklin Bypass Widening Project, Southampton County, Virginia by D. B. Blanton and S. C. Pullins, 1991 viii + 60 pp. 25 figs., 4 tables, 1 appdx.
    6. Site 44SN203 is a small prehistoric site located in a poorly drained section of the Coastal Plain. Intensive excavations at this relatively undisturbed site establish the potential of small "lithic scatters" to yield significant information. Analysis and refitting of lithic artifacts, emphasizing spatial relationships, indicate that the site results from a very brief, single-episode Archaic occupation. The report includes a proposed research design for treating similar sites region-wide.
     
  6. Settlement across the James-Chickahominy River Divide: Phase II Archaeological Evaluation of 23 Sites Along the Proposed Eastern Henrico Lateral Pipeline, Hanover, Chesterfield, and Henrico Counties, Virginia by D. B. Blanton, K. R. Burkhart, C. M. Downing, E. J. Harris, C. Jackson, S. Kozarek, C. McDaid, R. G. Meyers, D. L. Miller, J. W. Picklesimer, and S. C. Pullins, 1992 xviii+ 390 pp. (2 volumes) 223 figs., 59 tables, 4 appdx.
    7. The results of archaeological evaluation at 23 sites along a transect spanning the James-Chickahominy River divide are described in detail. Virtually the full range of temporal periods and site types are represented. Particularly noteworthy are a Paleoindian site overlooking the Chickahominy floodplain, an outlier of the Native-American village of Arrohateck in the James River floodplain (depicted on Capt. John Smith's map), Archaic and Woodland occupations on interior drainages, and sites of Civil War defenses around Richmond.
     
  7. An 18th-Century Tenant Site in the Lower Tidewater:Phase III Data Recovery at Site 44SK309, Associated with the Route 164 Project, City of Suffolk, Virginia by J. B. Jones, M. W. McCartney, D. B. Blanton, and D. C. Boyd, 1991 xii + 138 pp. 73 figs., 6 tables, 3 appdx.
    8. This late 18th- to 19th-century farmstead in the City of Suffolk, Virginia, was once part of the Yeates Free School Lands. One important source of profits to support the school was the leasing of parcels to tenant farmers who were obliged to improve the land. The small farmstead investigated documents occupation by at least one group of tenants on school lands. Data recovery provided documentation of plowzone artifact patterns, an earthfast tobacco barn, a small earthfast outbuilding, several ditch features, a trash-filled ravine, and two unmarked graves. Repeated ephemeral prehistoric occupations dated to the Early Woodland period were also documented.
     
  8. A Small Colonial Industrial Site in the Lower Tidewater: Phase III Data Recovery at Site 44CS92, Associated with the Route 664 Project, City of Chesapeake, Virginia by J. L. Smith and M. W. McCartney, 1991 v + 90 pp. 39 figs., 9 tables, 1 appdx.
    9. This report summarizes the results of archaeological excavations at a small 18th-century industrial site that probably served a nearby middling plantation. A small earthfast structure and a group of associated features form the work-area complex. Iron-working and shoe-making are indicated by the archaeological and documentary evidence. This multipurpose work area was located in an optimal position for both urban access and rural marketing.
     
  9. Buena Vista, History Runs Through it: Phase I/II Archaeological Investigation of Area #4 and Documentation of the North River Navigation System (HAER VA-61), Associated with the Buena Vista Floodwall Project, Buena Vista, Virginia by L. McFaden, W. Graham, M. R. Wenger, C. M. Downing, and C. A. Huston, 1992 xiv + 162 pp. 81 figs., 10 tables, 1 appdx.
    10. This report summarizes archaeological investigation and architectural documentation for the proposed Buena Vista Levee/Floodwall project, Buena Vista, Virginia. Prehistoric ceramic sherds recovered from a feature and a midden layer at Site 44RB65 date primarily to the Late Woodland period. Site 44RB66 represents a multicomponent site that dates from the Late Archaic/ Transitional period and the Middle and Late Woodland periods. Five architecturally significant canal features were documented, all parts of the North River Navigation. Built between 1851 and 1860, this project ultimately provided a transportation link between Lexington, Virginia, and the upper James River. The features include the remains of three aqueducts and the fragmentary remains of two nearly identical stone locks. The North River Navigation represents a rare and intact example of stone lock and aqueduct construction in Virginia, exhibiting similarities to earlier structures of the Potomac Canal at Great Falls, Virginia.
     
  10. Late Archaic (Halifax) Lithic Procurement and Use: Phase III Data Recovery of Site 44PW308, Interstate 95 HOV Lane, Prince William County, Virginia by D. B. Blanton and G. G. Robinson, 1990 vi + 58 pp. 22 figs., 15 tables, 4 appdx.
    11. The primary component of this prehistoric site is early Late Archaic, Halifax. The assemblage consisted largely of lithic reduction debris and few formal tools. Analysis of the material, including limited refitting, documents a series of rather brief, generalized occupation episodes. Procurement and reduction of locally available lithic material was a common activity, probably conducted incidentally to other activities.
     
  11. Archaeology in the Shadow of the Hayes Creek Mound: Phase III Archaeological Data Recovery at Site 44RB281, The Dryfoot Site, Route 602 Bridge Replacement, Rockbridge County, Virginia by D. B. Blanton, J. Schuldenrein III, and E. Voigt, 1992 viii + 92 pp. 33 figs., 14 tables, 2 appdx (artifact inventory on microfiche).
    12. Data recovery at this site in Rockbridge County, Virginia, investigated three major components dating from the Middle/Late Archaic transition, the Late Archaic, and the Late Woodland periods. Two artifact concentrations mark activity areas associated with the Archaic occupations. They permit inferences regarding the nature of the occupations at this time, specifically short-term occupations by small groups. The Late Woodland features are believed to be coeval with the primary period of activity at the nearby Hayes Creek Mound (44RB2) and provide new information regarding the nature of activities in the mound locality. Geoarchaeological observations contribute to explanations of evolving settlement patterns in the area.
     
  12. The Evolution of an Early Tidewater Town: Phase III Data Recovery at Sites 44HT38 and 44HT39, City of Hampton, Virginia by T. F. Higgins III, C. M. Downing, J. M. Bradshaw, K. J. Reinhard, G. J. Brown, D. L. Davenport, and I. Rovner 1993 vol. 1: viii + 246 pp. 113 figs.; vol. 2 (specialized studies and inventory): iv + 292 pp. (artifact inventory on microfiche).
    13. The investigation of Sites 44HT38 and 44HT39 involved data recovery on over 1,000 17th-, 18th-, and 19th-century features, including the remains of wells, walkways, posthole complexes, cellars, and building foundations. The research results provide important information for reconstructing early Hampton and understanding its development, including: town formation processes as reflected in the orientation and location of archaeological resources; the evolution of architectural styles along Hampton's waterfront during the early colonial period; the locations of residential, commercial, and industrial areas along Hampton's waterfront; and the general economic status of waterfront residents during the colonial and antebellum periods.
     
  13. A Study of Interior Coastal Plain Settlement: Phase III Data Recovery of Significant Archaeological Resources Within the Proposed Route 199 Extension Corridor by R. R. Hunter, Jr., M. E. N. Hodges, D. B. Blanton, J. L. Smith, T. F. Higgins III, M. W. McCartney, and A. S. Martin, 1993 vol. 1: viii + 112 pp. 52 figs., 36 tables; vol. 2, part 1: vi + 64 pp. 64 figs.; part 2: vi + 58 pp. 50 figs., 2 tables; 1 appdx (artifact inventory on microfiche).
    14. At small, interior prehistoric sites of the James-York Peninsula, research focused on the development and execution of strategies   designed to assess site identification probabilities, structure,  function, and age. The sites exhibit episodes of use ranging from the Early Archaic to the Late Woodland period. In addition, two historic components were investigated: a mill pond dam and features associated with a mid-18th- century indigo growing and processing operation and a first-quarter- of-the-18th-century tenement dwelling.
     
  14. Geoarchaeology Along the Upper Chickahominy: Limited Phase III Data Recovery for Mitigation of Adverse Effects to Site 44HN202, Associated with the VNG Mechanicsville to Kingsmill Lateral Pipeline, Hanover County, Virginia by D. B. Blanton, J. B. Jones, and J. Schuldenrein III, 1994 vi + 74 pp. 23 figs., 7 tables, 1 appdx (artifact inventory on microfiche).
    15. Components consist of Early/Middle Archaic, Late Archaic, terminal Late Archaic/Transitional, and Middle Woodland occupations. Geoarchaeological analysis at Site 44HN202 indicates that intrasite patterns reflect adaptation to changes in the fluvial landscape over time. The report concludes with a model of adaptive responses in the Chickahominy basin.
     
  15. Phase III Archaeological Data Recovery for Mitigation of Adverse Effects to Site 44HN203, Associated with the VNG Mechanicsville to Kingsmill Lateral Pipeline, Hanover County, Virginia by S. C. Pullins and J. Schuldenrein III, 1993 viii + 76 pp. 53 figs., 6 tables, 4 appdx (artifact inventory on microfiche).
    16.  Evidence for four prehistoric components was detected at Site 44HN203: Early/Middle Archaic, two Late Archaic occupations, Early Woodland, and Middle Woodland. The site functioned as a short-term encampment during all periods of occupation, likely as a specialized foray/procurement camp. However, the internal structure of the site changed over time, reflecting changes in the subsistence and settlement systems.
     
  16. Phase III Archaeological Data Recovery for Mitigation of Adverse Effects to Site 44HN204, Associated with the VNG Mechanicsville to Kingsmill Lateral Pipeline, Hanover County, Virginia by J. B. Jones and D. B. Blanton, 1993 viii + 82 pp. 44 figs., 7 tables, 1 appdx (artifact inventory on microfiche).
    17. The site's three primary components consist of Late Archaic, terminal Late Archaic/Transitional, and Middle Woodland occupations. Block excavation revealed that the general chronological trends have been preserved in the site's stratigraphy, and a small number of scattered rock hearth features were identified, two of which provided useful radiocarbon dates. Geoarchaeological analysis of the stratigraphy at this site and nearby Site 44HN202 indicates that these intrasite patterns may reflect adaptation to changes in the landscape and environment over time.
     
  17. Excavations at an 18th- to Early 19th-Century Slave Quarter: Phase III Data Recovery at Site 44JC643, Associated with the Proposed VNG Mechanicsville to Kingsmill Lateral Pipeline, James City County, Virginia by T. F. Higgins III and C. M. Downing, 1993 viii + 78 pp. 43 figs., 3 tables, 2 appdx.
    18. A complex of features, including the remains of post buildings, root cellars, fences, and a ditch, makes up components of an 18th- and early 19th- century slave quarter. The initial occupation began during the first quarter of the eighteenth century and continued until around 1730/1740. During this period, a sizable dwelling, fences, and possible storage buildings were constructed. The site was reoccupied during the fourth quarter of the 18th century. This occupation, characterized by a cluster of small huts, lasted until the end of the first quarter of the 19th century.
     
  18. Capital Punishment in Colonial Virginia: Phase III Data Recovery for Mitigation of Adverse Effects to Site 44WB66 (The Colonial Gallows), Associated with the VNG Mechanicsville to Kingsmill Lateral Pipeline, City of Williamsburg, Virginia by J. B. Jones and C. M. Downing, 1992 vi + 80 pp. 35 figs., 1 appdx.
    19. This 18th-century feature complex near Williamsburg is the remains of a triangular gallows that served as the Virginia Colony's official place of execution from 1699 until 1781. Additional exposure of a previously identified linear feature interpreted to be the remains of an early 17th- century palisade allowed for a refinement of its orientation.
     
  19. The Civil War at Gloucester Point: Mitigation of Site 44GL358, Associated with the Proposed Route 17 Coleman Bridge Project, Gloucester County, Virginia by T. F. Higgins III, C. M. Downing, K. E. Stuck, G. J. Brown, and K. J. Reinhard, 1995 vi + 94 pp. 66 figs., 2 tables, 2 appdx (artifact inventory on microfiche).
    20. Dwelling remains of Sibley tents and stove/furnace features were determined to be a domestic component of a Union army camp. The report provides important information about daily camp life through analyses of military material culture, structural data, faunal and parasitological remains, and historical information. Research also focuses on the social and spatial organization of the camp within the context of the Gloucester Point defenses.
     
  20. Farm to Foundry, African-American Tenancy in 20th- Century Radford, Virginia: Phase III Data Recovery at Site 44MY463, Associated with the Route 611 Project, City of Radford, Virginia by J. Peterson, C. M. Downing, G. J. Brown, and J. Bowen, 1995 viii + 92 pp. 58 figs., 10 tables, 2 appdx (artifact inventory on microfiche).
    21. Archaeological and historical evidence provide a detailed and concise view of a 30-year period in the life of a single African-American tenant farmfamily residing in the New River Valley of southwestern Virginia. Excavations uncovered evidence of the domestic structure, a refuse disposal pit, low yard enclosure walls, and a variety of postholes and shallow pits.
     
  21. Ceramic Technology, Early Woodland Settlement, and Enfield Plantation: Phase III Archaeological Data Recovery for Mitigation of Effects to Site 44KW81, Associated with the Route 629 Bridge Replacement Project, King William County, Virginia by S. C. Pullins, J. B. Stoltman, V. L. Deitrick, D. B. Blanton, and A. L. Gray, 1996 viii + 144 pp. 57 figs., 19 tables, 2 appdx (artifact inventory on microfiche).
    22. The primary occupation at this multicomponent site dates from the Early Woodland, as represented by an abundance of Croaker Landingceramic sherds—perhaps the largest collection recovered to date. Highlights of the study include detailed description of the ceramics, and petrographic characterization of ceramic paste to initiate assessment of Early Woodland ceramic technology and settlement. The report also includes a reconstruction of depositional history on the elevated terrace over the Mattaponi River. A colonial occupation associated with the Enfield property, owned by the Waller family from 1696 to 1814, is also described.
     
  22. Watsons, Willses, and Dedakers—The Evolution of a Nineteenth-Century Farm in Piedmont Virginia: Phase III Archaeological Data Recovery for Mitigation of Adverse Effects to Site 44AH277, Associated with the Route 29 Lynchburg Bypass Project, Amherst County, Virginia by S. C. Pullins and C. M. Downing, 1996 viii + 174 pp. 53 figs., 44 tables, 1 appdx (artifact inventory on microfiche).
    23. This research documents life on a nineteenth-century middling farm in Piedmont Virginia and may serve as a "case study" since few such sites have been so thoroughly investigated. Archaeological features include stratified deposits in two stone cellars; historical documentation for the site is also extensive. The report explores the most useful ways of integrating archaeological and historical  data to address issues such as gender, status, and landscape evolution at nineteenth-century farm sites.
     
  23. Reclaiming a Tidewater Town: Archaeological Survey, Evaluation, and Data Recovery at Sites on the Campus of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, Virginia by K. E. Stuck, T. F. Higgins III, C. M. Downing, D. W. Linebaugh, and M. W. McCartney, with contributions by G. J. Brown and S. Dean, 1996 viii + 304 pp. 226 figs., 12 tables, 8 appdx (artifact inventory and some faunal data on microfiche).
    24. Gloucester Point has been the subject of numerous archaeological investigations over the last two decades. Overlapping historic-period occupations include the abandoned site of Gloucester Town and fortifications from the Revolutionary and Civil wars. Results of survey, evaluation, and data recovery at sites on the campus of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science are detailed in this report. Excavation results from both military and domestic sites are presented. Results from previous work and the current project are synthesized in a sequence of maps illustrating four centuries of settlement at Gloucester Point.
     
  24. Four Thousand Years on the Appomattox: Archaeological Data Recovery at Site 44PG381, Associated with the Route 10 Bridge Widening, Prince George County, Virginia by K. E. Stuck, D. B. Blanton, C. M. Downing, V. L. Deitrick, G. J. Brown, S. T. Andrews, and J. Bowen, 1997 viii + 204 pp., 136 figs., 19 tables, 3 appdx (artifact inventory on microfiche).
    25. Savannah River lithic technology of the Late Archaic was reconstructed based on in situ debitage and tools from all stages of the biface manufacturing process in this small camp. Hundreds of ceramic sherds, several projectile points, and portions of two structures yielded important information on Late Woodland settlement. X-radiographic techniques were used to study variations in ceramic paste and its implications for group interactions, mobility, and technological expediency. The 18th-century component included a large midden area and several features. Personalized bottle seals traced these contexts to the Bland family's Cawsons Plantation. A Civil War component was represented by tent features and artifacts dating to the area=s use as a Union hospital during the siege of Petersburg.
     
  25. A Post-Revolutionary Farmstead in Northern Virginia: Archaeological Data Recovery at Site 44FX1965, Associated with the Proposed Interstate 66 and Route 28 Interchange Improvements Project, Fairfax County, Virginia by T. F. Higgins III, C. M. Downing, and K. E. Stuck, with contributions by D. L. Davenport, J. Bowen, G. J. Brown, and S. T. Andrews, 1998 vii +104 pp. 50 figs., 9 tables, 3 appdx (artifact inventory and some faunal data on microfiche).
    26. Few middling farmsteads in this region have been extensively excavated. This site was occupied by owners, tenants, and slaves during a span from the late 18th to early 19th century. Features including a stone-lined cellar, small root cellars, and trash pits yielded large numbers of artifacts and faunal material. The large ceramic assemblage allowed detailed vessel and ware type comparisons between the different periods of occupation.
     
  26. An Archaeological Evaluation of Site 44FK533, Proposed Winchester Area Headquarters Project, Frederick County, Virginia by J. B. Jones, 1998 vi + 60 pp. 22 figs., 5 tables, 2 appdx.
    27. Rigorous documentary research, information from relic collectors, and a metal detector survey supplemented more conventional archaeological methods at this Confederate encampment. This report represents a case study for treating such ephemeral Civil War sites with low archaeological visibility and how they can be best approached from a cultural resource management standpoint. Despite small numbers of intact features and low artifact density, such sites can reveal important spatial information based on distribution mapping and sampling of metal detector targets.
     
  27. Life and Landscape on a Northern Virginia Farmstead at the Turn of the 19th Century: Archaeological Data Recovery at Site 44PW600, Associated with the Route 234 Wetlands Mitigation Project, Prince William County, Virginia by S. C. Pullins and C. M. Downing with contributions by D. L. Davenport and S. T. Andrews, 1998 viii + 174 pp. 66 figs., 83 tables, 4 appdx (artifact inventory on microfiche).
    28. Several well-defined functional areas were distinguished at this early 19th-century middling farmstead site. These include the main house and stone-lined cellar, a kitchen, a slave quarter/workshop area, a blacksmith shop, work areas, and a cemetery. A wide variety of artifact classes are analyzed and presented with detailed tabular information. Intensive historical research and comparative data from other piedmont farmsteads provide insight into the role of gender in ceramic assemblage composition. Numerous matched sets of creamware and pearlware indicate a mass dumping phenomenon observed at other contemporary sites along the East Coast.
     
  28. Traces of Historic Kecoughtan: Archaeology at a 17th-century Plantation: Data Recovery at Site 44HT44, Associated with the Proposed Pentran Bus Parking Lot Project, City of Hampton, Virginia by T. F. Higgins III, C. M. Downing, D. W. Linebaugh with contributions by G. J. Brown, S. T. Andrews, J. W. McKnight, and G. S. Brush, 1999 viii + 156 pp. 105 figs., 18 tables, 4 appdx (artifact inventory on microfiche).
    29. Excavations in downtown Hampton revealed several hundred features from a 17th-century plantation homelot on the outskirts of Kecoughtan. Mapping of structural features, trash pits, a well, and fencelines allowed a detailed reconstruction of the site=s layout. Numerous high-status artifacts indicate a level of sophistication in this early period of settlement. Assemblage comparisons with 17th-century sites in the Chesapeake region document other indicators of status at this homelot.
     
  29. Archaeology at Fort Pocahontas: Results from the 1998 Field Season by J. M. Harwood, M. E. Grow, M. E. Lorenzo, and A. Machida, 1999 viii + 42 pp. 28 figs., 5 tables, 2 appdx.
    30. Fort Pocahontas saw the first major victory of the U.S. Colored Troops in the Civil War in May 1864. Following the battle, the fort was occupied by various Union regiments. Excavation results and historical research indicate that an early 19th-century farmhouse within the fort served as the commanding officer's headquarters. Encampment areas outside the earthworks include features documenting various types of shelters. The report also discusses plans for future research and public interpretation at this important, well-preserved site.
     
  30. Virginia's Powell Valley during the Late Archaic/Early Woodland and Middle/Late Woodland Transition: Archaeological Data Recovery at Site 44LE165, Associated with the Route 58 Project, Section E32, Lee County, Virginia by S. C. Pullins with contributions from D. R. Hayes, J. W. McKnight, R. Yerkes, 1999 vi + 72 pp. 32 figs., 31 tables, 5 appdx.
    The Late Archaic component of this Ridge and Valley site included structural features containing radiocarbon data. A pit feature from the Middle/Late Woodland component also yielded radiocarbon samples, along with Radford-like ceramics and subsistence remains. Recovery of nearly 21,000 artifacts allowed detailed analysis of spatial organization within the site. Results of geomorphology, lithic microwear, and ethnobotanical studies are also incorporated with the report.      Also available for free download: click here.
     
  31. Ephemeral Late Archaic Occupation in the Culpeper Basin: Archaeological Data Recovery at Site 44FQ161, Proposed Route 676 Project, Fauquier County, Virginia by J. B. Jones with a contribution from D. L. Smith, 2000 48 pp. 15 figs., 8 tables, 2 appdx.
     Excavation of an intact, buried Late Archaic component revealed discrete activity areas, including a single-episode lithic reduction area dominated by debitage of locally available quartzite. The activity area may represent a very brief occupation by single inidividual or small group engaged in a hunting foray.   Also available for free download: click here.
     
  32. Southall's Quarter: Archaeology at an 18th-Century Slave Quarter in James City County, Data Recovery at Site 44JC969 Associated with the Proposed Route 199 Project, James City County, Virginia by S. C. Pullins, J. B. Jones, J. R. Underwood, K. A. Ettinger, D. W. Lewes, with contributions from J. W. McKnight and G. J. Brown, 2003 182 pp., 92 figs., 62 tables, 6 appdx.
    Excavation of this mid- to late eighteenth-century slave quarter site identified four structures defined by subfloor pits, postholes, hearths, shallow middens, and other features. According to the documentary record, Southall's Quarter may have been a field quarter owned by Raleigh Tavern proprietor James Southall. Carefully integrated archaeological and historical data reveal clues about the site’s landscape, organization, and material culture. Unlike many archaeological studies of quarters on the grounds of Virginia's great mansion houses, the Southall's Quarter excavations document slave life at a small quarter quite isolated from the primary residence of the owner.          Also available for free download: click here.
     
  33. Middle Woodland Settlement and Environment in the Chisel Run/Powhatan Creek Drainage: Archaeological Data Recovery at Sites 44JC127 and 44JC850 Associated with the Route 199 Project, James City County, Virginia by D. B. Blanton, S. C. Pullins, with contributions from G. Brush, W. Hilgartner, and L. Kealhofer, 2004 98pp., 48 figs., 22 tables, 4 appdx.
    Findings at these two small Middle Woodland interior sites are synthesized with data recovery results from seven analogous sites excavated along the Route 199 corridor over the past two decades. Adding useful context are detailed environmental reconstructions based on analysis of sediments from wetland cores and stratified deposits at 44JC127. The discussion also draws on findings from dozens of interior Middle Woodland sites identified during cultural resource management projects on the James-York peninsula. The result of this research is a comprehensive new interpretation of Middle Woodland cultural dynamics in the lower Chesapeake.          Also available for free download: click here.
  34. Rural Life in the Back Creek Valley: Documentation of the Harris House (080-0294), Roanoke County, Virginia by D. W. Lewes and K. Houston, 2004 72 pp. 64 figs. 1 table
    Although hall-parlor floor plans are typically associated with the earliest Euro-American vernacular architecture, this 1876 example is a reminder of the persistence of earlier architectural forms in rural areas. An 1890s addition expanded the Harris House but barely altered the original section. Owned by the same family for more than 125 years, the house remained virtually unchanged until it was dismantled in the late 1990s. In this popular-format report, documentation of intact architectural fabric and a collection of agricultural outbuildings is combined with an examination of traditional lifeways in a rural neighborhood of the Back Creek Valley.       Also available for free download: click here.
 
 
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