From territorial days

The first book in Creek was The Mvskoki Imvnaitsv / Muskokee (Creek) Assistant, written by John Fleming and published in 1834. It was followed in 1835 by a child's book (Istutsi in naktsokv) and by a sermon and hymns:

Fleming, John. 1835. A Short Sermon: Also Hymns, in the Muskokee or Creek Language. Boston: Crocker & Brewster. 1 | 2 | 3

Fleming's spelling was influenced by the work of John Pickering (1820). It differs from later systems, but is still readable.

H. F. Buckner and G. Herrod published a grammar and song book in 1860. Their alphabet is unusual and was not adopted by others. The grammar is reproduced below:

Buckner, H. F., and G. Herrod. 1860. A Grammar of the Maskwke, or Creek Language, to Which Are Prefixed Lessons in Spelling, Reading, and Defining. Marion, Ala.: Domestic and Indian Mission Board of the Southern Baptists Convention. 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8

William S. Robertson began missionary work in 1849. He wrote two primers with David Winslett, still standard sources for learning to read Creek:

Robertson, W. S., and David Winslett. 1870. Nakcokv Es Kerretv Enhvteceskv. Muskokee or Creek First Reader. Fourth edition. [This version from the 1963 reprint by B. Frank Belvin.] New York: Mission House. PDF (large)

Robertson, W. S., and David Winslett. 1871. Mvskoke Nakcokv Eskerretv Esvhokkolat. Creek Second Reader. New York: American Tract Society. 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9

Ann Eliza Worcester Robertson (wife of William S. Robertson) began missionary work among the Creeks in 1850. She was responsible for translating much of the New Testament into Creek. In 1880 she published a hymnal:

Robertson, A. E. W. 1880. Mvskoke Nettvcako Cokv-Heckv Cokv Esyvhiketv. The Muskokee S. S. Song Book, from Gospel Songs and Other Collections. American Tract Society. [This version from 1959 reprint by B. Frank Belvin.] PDF in 8 parts: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8

She also transcribed a folktale told by Taylor Postoak:

Postoak, Taylor. The Corn Fable / Vce Nak Onvkuce. Transcribed and translated by A. E. W. Robertson. Edited by Jack B. Martin. Illustrations by Jack B. Martin. PDF

A number of letters at the University of Tulsa written to her in Creek are translated here:

Martin, Jack B., and Margaret McKane Mauldin (eds. and trans.). Pum Mvhayv Toyetskat: Creek Letters to Ann Eliza Worcester Robertson, 1878-1905. With recordings by Margaret McKane Mauldin.

In 1888 Albert S. Gatschet published a migration legend in Creek, Hitchiti, and English. He tried to write the story phonetically instead of in the usual way:

Gatschet, Albert S. 1888. A Migration Legend of the Creek Indians, Texts and Glossaries in Creek and Hitchiti, with a Linguistic, Historic, and Ethnographic Introduction and Commentary. Volume 2. St. Louis: Printed for the author. [Reprinted with volume 1 (1884): Kraus Reprint, New York, 1969.] PDF in 3 parts: The legend (pp. 8-18) | Glossary (pp. 72-103) | Glossary (pp. 104-130)

For almost a hundred years, there was only one Creek dictionary, first published in 1890:

Loughridge, R[obert] M[cGill], and David M. Hodge. 1914. English and Muskokee Dictionary. Collected from Various Sources and Revised. Philadelphia: Westminster Press. [This version reprinted 1964 by B. Frank Belvin, Okmulgee, Oklahoma.] PDF in 10 parts: Front matter | a-borderer | bore-created | creation-finisher | fire-hot | hotter-melted | member-plague | plaguy-scream | screw-swim | swimming-Zebulon, months, numerals

A large number of newspaper articles were published in Creek in the nineteenth century. These are difficult to obtain now, but a small collection appears below:

[Winslett, D.] "Wewvhome svkerkuce." Indian Journal, March 6, 1878. PDF typescript

Anonymous. "The Cheyenne and Arapahoe Prisoners. Siyenvlke momet Elapvhovlke Svlvfkvlke." Indian Journal March 27, 1878, vol. 2, no. 30. PDF typescript

Land, Henry, Tr. "Kometv momet Enhopoyetv." Indian Journal, April 3, 1878. PDF typescript

Sullivan, N. B. "Sepv Ekvnv em Mekko-Hokte Salom- / nn Mekko en Cukopericvte." Indian Journal, June 5, 1878. PDF typescript

[Robertson, A. E. W.] "Perehem Hococumpv." [Star of Bethlehem.] Indian Journal, Aug. 14, 1878. PDF typescript

E. Q. "Am I a Soldier of the Cross." Indian Journal, Sept. 18, 1878, vol. 3 no. 3. PDF typescript

R[obertson], A. E. W. "I want to be like Jesus." [Cesvs Omaret Komis.] Indian Journal, Feb. 12, 1880. PDF typescript

P[orter], J[ohn] S., Jr. [Letter from Okmulgee.] Indian Journal, April 15, 1880. PDF typescript

G[rayson], G[eorge] W[ashington]. 1880. "Maskoke Vrahkv." Indian Journal, April 22, 1880. PDF typescript

P[erryman], L[egus] C. 1881. "Coka Mahaya." Indian Journal, August 4, 1881. PDF typescript

Our Monthly. July, 1873. Volume 2, number 6. PDF typescript

Our Monthly. March, 1874. Volume 3, number 2. PDF typescript

Our Monthly. ca. 1874. PDF typescript

Government laws and policies were usually published in Creek and English during the nineteenth century. A few of these appear below:

Creek Nation. Acts and Resolutions of the Creek National Council of the Sessions of April, 1894, and the Regular Session of October, 1894. [Reprinted, The Constitutions and Laws of the American Indian Tribes, vol. XIX: Scholarly Resources, 1973, Wilmington.] PDF in 4 parts. English 1 | English 2 | Creek 1 | Creek 2

Creek Nation. 1896. Acts and Resolutions of the Creek National Council of the Sessions of May, June, October, November and December, 1895. Watson, D. C., comp. and trans. Muskogee, Indian Territory: The Phoenix Printing Company. [Reprinted, The Constitutions and Laws of the American Indian Tribes, vol. XX: Scholarly Resources, 1973, Wilmington.] PDF in 4 parts. English 1 | English 2 | Creek 1 | Creek 2

Creek Nation. Rules of the House of Warriors / Adopted December 7, 1903. Okmulgee, Indian Territory: Chieftain Printing House. [First half is in English, second half in Creek.] PDF typescript

Twentieth century

In 1905 a number of hymns collected by J. H. Land were published as a hymnal. A transcription of the copy at the University of Oklahoma's Western History Collections appears below:

Land, J. H. 1905. Muskogee Hymns. A rare hymn book transcribed by Debra Baker, Brandon Lyle, and Roberta Thomas. PDF

The Creek author Earnest Gouge wrote 29 stories for John Swanton in 1915. These were edited, translated, and published in 2004. Supplementary materials are presented below:

Gouge, Earnest. 2004. Totkv Mocvse / New Fire: Creek Folktales. Edited and translated by Jack B. Martin, Margaret McKane Mauldin, and Juanita McGirt. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. [supplementary materials]

Margaret Mauldin, a Creek instructor at the University of Oklahoma, has been working to collect and transcribe Creek hymns:

Mauldin, Margaret McKane. Creek Hymns. Scores for 25 songs.

In the 1970s Susannah Factor and others at the Seminole Bilingual Education Project in Ada, Oklahoma produced a number of children's books for use in schools. Some of these are presented below:

Davis, Lorene, Susannah Factor, and Mary Haas. Nak-cokv Yvlunkv Enhake (Seminole Phonics I). Ada: Seminole Bilingual Education Project. PDF in 5 parts: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5

Davis, Lorene, and Susannah Factor. 1977. Semenole Eskerretv Cokv Semvhayetv Svhokkolat (Seminole Phonics II). Illustrations by Quannah Chuleewah. Ada: Seminole Bilingual Education Project. PDF in 5 parts: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5

Factor, Susannah. 1979. Ohhonvyetv Cokv Svtutcenat. Third Grade Reading Book. Illustrations by Chester Scott. Ada: Creek-Seminole Bilingual Education Project. PDF

Factor, Susannah. 1978. Loca, Eco Tentokorkvtes. Terrapin Race. Ada: Seminole Bilingual Education Project. PDF

Harjo, Edmond A. 1978. Pu-nvt-tv E-ten-hes-se (Animal Friends). Illustrated by Edmond A. Harjo. Ada: Seminole Bilingual Education Project. PDF in 3 parts: 1 | 2 | 3

Factor, Susannah. 1979. Reading Book for Second Grade. Ohhonvyetv Cokv. Illustrated by Chester Scott. Ada: Seminole Bilingual Education Project. PDF in 2 parts: 1 | 2

Factor, Susannah. 1978. Maskoke (Muskokee) Unvkuce Cokv Enhvteceskv. [Muskogee First Story Book.] Illustrations by Chester Scott. PDF