GOVT 150W: NATIONALISM IN THE BALKANS

 

Fall 2004, Tu. & Th. 9:30-10:50 in Morton 3

Instructor: Paula M. Pickering

pmpick@wm.edu; 221-3038

Office:  Morton, Rm. 29

Office Hours: Mon: 3-5 p.m., Th. 11-12, and by appointment.

 

This course examines the interplay between nationalism and political transition in the Balkan states that experienced Communist rule after WWII.  Do culture and history doom the diverse peoples of the Balkans to perpetual violence and non-democratic regimes?  What role do politicians and institutions play in manipulating ethnicity?  How can we explain the violence and the peace that have occurred in different places and at different times in the Balkans?  The conflict that has occurred in parts of the Balkans has been the most severe violence that Europe has experienced since WWII.  Understanding the factors contributing to the violence should help lead to an understanding of how best to address the current violence and hopefully of how to prevent it.  

 

COURSE GOALS.  The main goal of this course is to improve the ability of students to formulate clear and logical written and oral arguments that are supported by convincing evidence. This course also encourages students to think critically about readings.  And finally, this course seeks to expand the student’s knowledge of political developments in the Balkans and of the ways in which politicians manipulate ethnicity.  The philosophy of this course is that students learn most by doing.  So we will write often and organize class time to allow for students to convey their analyses.  In the research paper, we will emphasize the process of writing by working on several stages of this process: the development of a thesis and a research plan, the writing of a draft, and the editing of a draft into a final paper.  The writing of a draft and a final paper gives students the opportunity to receive feedback and to respond to it through the crafting an improved paper.

 

EXPECTATIONS.  Students are expected to attend class and to participate actively in discussion.  This means that students should come to class having completed, and having thought critically about, the required readings.  Specifically, students should be prepared to discuss the authors’ arguments, the evidence the authors provide, how well the authors’ arguments hold up against alternative arguments that you have encountered, and how the readings relate to other course readings.  Students will be expected to offer specific evidence to support their arguments. As a result, students should bring readings to class.  Student preparation is also critical because the course is a small seminar that features discussion; this is not a lecture course.  I also encourage students to ask questions.  In addition to active and informed class participation (18%), grading will be based on the written assignments described below.

 

WRITTEN ASSIGNMENTS.

·         Each student will prepare three reaction papers (two pages each) that critically and creatively reflect on readings for that day.  While they should include a brief (one paragraph) summary, reaction papers should be much more than summaries.  These are analytical pieces; they are NOT opinion pieces.  These papers should raise interesting ideas and/or questions for class discussion and demonstrate that you have thought critically about the readings.  In your reaction, you might critically evaluate an argument or several by drawing on the work of an author or two.  The strongest papers have some comparative aspect.  They either compare an argument in one reading to that of another reading in that week, a previous week, or even another class (citation required).  Or, they compare one author’s argument to a discussion that we have had in class or to a recent news analysis.  Issues that can be addressed include, “Does he or she marshal convincing evidence to support the thesis?”  Another possibility is trying to apply some theory to a particular case to see if it is adequate.  Or, you might try to raise a discussion question by: 1) expressing what is known about the issue/concept/puzzle based on the reading(s), 2) identifying something about the issue that needs to be clarified, re-considered, or analyzed further, and 3) possibly attempting to offer your own “fix.”  These will be spread throughout the course; a sign up sheet will be distributed at the beginning of the course.  Each student will choose one reaction paper to present in class. Several examples will be posted on blackboard.  These papers are due to me 24 hours before class.  These papers and ONLY these papers may be submitted by e-mail.  However, the student should not consider the paper to have been successfully received until he/she receives an e-mail confirmation by the instructor.  Otherwise, the student must submit it to Professor Pickering’s office by the deadline. (24%)

·         A one-page, in-class commentary on the film, “We are all Neighbors, ” (5%)

·         An article pulled from the internet or a newspaper concerning: ethnicity in the Balkans, and/or democratization in the Balkans and a one-page commentary concerning the extent to which this material supports or undercuts arguments made in course texts about ethnicity, nationalism, or democratization.  Due 11/30 (6%)

·         A 10-12-page research paper in which the student conducts original research that deals with one of the major themes covered in this course.  This paper must contain a thesis that is supported by empirical evidence and logical argumentation.  The writing of the research paper includes: a one-paragraph proposal (due 10/5; 5 %) a full first draft (due 11/9, 17%), and a full revision (due 12/15, 25%). The final paper, which is in lieu of a final exam, must represent a significant revision of the draft that takes into serious consideration the instructor’s comments on the draft.

 

No student may pass this class without satisfying each and every segment of the above requirements.  Any student who receives a “C-” or better in this course will have satisfied the lower-division writing requirement.  Please read and follow the Honor Code: http://www.wm.edu/SO/honor-council/.  To ensure fairness, I will not accept late papers.  I may make minor adjustments to the syllabus in order to improve the course.

 

I encourage students to come talk with me during my office hours to discuss material; request sources for research topics, alert me to special learning needs, or pose any questions about readings, lectures, or assignments.

 

Good web sites for staying informed on current developments in South-Eastern Europe: 1) Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: www.rferl.org/newsline/ and 2) Transitions On Line: www.tol.cz/

 

Required texts:

·         Jasmina Tesanovic, The Dairy of a Political Idiot: Normal Life in Belgrade, San Francisco: Midnight Editions, 2000.

·         A reading packet available for copying at Staples, on Richmond Rd., phone: 253-1985.

 

Recommended:

·         Kate Turabian, A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996.

 

Thurs., Aug 26

·         Introduction to the course

 

MULTINATIONAL EMPIRE VS. NATION-STATE

Week 1.

Tues., Aug 31, “WHAT ARE THE BALKANS?”

·         Find a map and locate the Balkans

·         Gale Stokes, “Eastern Europe’s Defining Fault Lines” in Three Eras of Political Change in Eastern Europe, New York: Oxford University Press, 1997,  pp. 7-22.

 

Thurs., Sept 2, “INTER-COMMUNAL RELATIONS BEFORE NATIONS”

·         Mark Mazower, The Balkans: A Short History, New York: The Modern Library, 2002, pp. 48-9; 54-69.

·         Sarah Skwire and David Skwire, Writing with a Thesis, 9th ed., Boston: Thomson, 2005, pp. 1-9.

                                                                  

Week 2

POLITICAL CULTURE

Tues., Sept 7, “POLITICAL CULTURE”

·         Ian McLean, "Ethnicity," in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics, Oxford University Press, pp. 163-4.

·         Thomas Remington, “The Dynamics of Political Culture,” Russian Politics, New York: Longman 1999, pp. 67-72.

·         Joseph Rothschild and Nancy Wingfield, "The Interwar Background," in Return to Diversity, 2000, pp. 1-22

 

Thurs., Sept 9, “FASCISM AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF COMMUNISM”

·         Rothschild and Wingfield, “The Communists Come to Power”, pp. 75-78; 106-123.

·         Bogdan Denitch, “Violence and Social Change in the Yugoslav Revolution,” Comparative Politics, pp. 465-478.

 

Week 3

THE STATE SOCIALIST ALTERNATIVE

Tues., Sept 14, “APPROACHES TO THE NATIONAL QUESTION”

·         John McGarry and Brendan O’Leary, “The macro-political regulation of ethnic conflict,” in The Politics of Ethnic Conflict Regulation, London: Routledge, 1993, pp. 1-40

 

Thurs., Sept 16, “STATE SOCIALISM IN THE BALKANS”

·         Barbara Jelavich, “The Communist governments 1950-80,” 1983, pp. 336-352; 364-405.

 

Week 4

THE DISCREDITING OF THE STATE SOCIALIST ALTERNATIVE

Tues., Sept 21, The Fall of STATE SOCIALISM”

·         Gale Stokes, “The Glorious Revolutions,” in The Walls Came Tumbling Down, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993, pp. 136-148; 158-167

·         Slavenka Drakulic, “How We Survived Communism,” How We Survived Communism and Even Laughed, pp. 179-89.

 

Thurs., Sept 23, “THE VIOLENT DISINTEGRATION OF YUGOSLAVIA.”

·         Gale Stokes, “The Devil's Finger: The Disintegration of Yugoslavia,” in The Walls Came Tumbling Down, pp. 218-52.

 

Week 5

CHOOSING CIVIC OR ETHNIC STATES

Tues., Sept 28,  “BUILDING CIVIL SOCIETY”

·         Slavenka Drakulic, “My Father’s Pistol,” in Balkan Express, New York: W.W. Norton and Co., 1993, pp. 10-16.

·         Thomas Carothers and Marina Ottaway, “The Burgeoning World of Civil Society Aid,” 2000, pp. 3-13.

·         Steven Sampson, “The social life of Projects: Importing civil society to Albania,” in Hann and Dunn, eds., Civil Society: Challenging Western Models, London: Routledge, 1996, pp. 121-142.

 

Thurs., Sept 30, , “ETHNICITY AND TRANSITION”

·         Katherine Verdery, “Nationalism and National Sentiment in Post-Socialist Romania,” Slavic Review, 52, Summer 1993, pp. 179-203.

 

Week 6

Tues., Oct 5 “MANIPULATING THE PAST”

·         Bette Denich, “dismembering Yugoslavia: nationalist ideologies and the symbolic revival of genocide,” American Ethnologist, Vol. 21, No. 2, 1994, pp. 367-390.

 

Thurs., Oct 7, “GENDER, NATIONALISM, AND VIOLENCE”

·         Slavenka Drakulic, “Women Hind Behind a Wall of Silence,” in eds. Rabia Ali and Lawrence Lifschultz, eds., Why Bosnia, Stony Creek: Pamphleteer's Press, 1993, pp. 116-121.

·         Nikolic-Ristanovic, Vesna, “Sexual Violence,” in Nikolic-Ristanovic, ed., Women, Violence, and War, Budapest: Central European University Press, 2000,  pp. 41-51; 60-76.

·         Slavenka Drakulic, “Dead Silence of the City,” Balkan Express, pp. 22-27.

 

FALL BREAK

 

Week 7

Thurs., Oct 14, “RELIGION”

·         Lenard Cohen, “Prelates and Politicians in Bosnia: The Role of Religion in Nationalist Mobilisation,” Nationalities Papers, Vol. 25, No. 3, 1997, pp. 481-499.

·         Xavier Bougarel, “Islam and Politics in the Post-Communist Balkans,” Manuscript, pp. 1-18.Fall Break

 

CASES OF POST-SOCIALIST TRANSITION IN THE BALKANS

Week 8

Tues., Oct 19, CROATIA-AN ETHNIC DEMOCRACY?”

·         Lenard J. Cohen, “Embattled democracy: post-communist Croatia in transition,” in Dawisha and Parrott, eds., 1997, pp. 69-70; 80-84; 102-106.

·         Donald Horowitz, “Ethnic Parties and Party Systems,” in Ethnic Groups in Conflict, 1985, pp. 291-298.

·         Marina Ottaway and Gideon Maltz, “Croatia’s Second Transition and the International Community,” Current History, November 2001, pp. 375-380.

·         Slavenka Drakulic, “It’s hard to kill a man,” Balkan Express, 1993, pp. 60-67.

 

Thurs, Oct 21, “COMPETING CLAIMS OVER BOSNIA

·         Steven Burg, “Bosnia Herzegovina: a case of failed democratization,” in Karen Dawisha and Bruce Parrott, eds., Politics, Power, and the Struggle for Democracy in South-East Europe, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1997, pp. 122-141.

 

Week 9

Tues., Oct. 26, “FROM CO-EXISTENCE TO ATROCIES IN FORMER YUGOSLAVIA

·         Anthony Oberschall, “The Manipulation of Ethnicity: From Ethnic Cooperation to Violence and War in Yugoslavia,” Ethnic and Racial Politics, 23 (November 2000), 982-1001.

·         Zlata Filipovic, Zlata’s Diary, New York: Viking, 1994, pp. 24-48.

  • In class: Film:  “Bringa's We are all Neighbors”

 

Thurs., Oct 28, “THE WEALTHIEST AND THE POOREST IN FORMER YUGOSLAVIA

·         Anton Bebler, “Slovenia’s Smooth Transition,” Journal of Democracy, 13, 1, 2002, pp. 127-140.

·         Isa Blumi, “Kosova: From the Brink—and Back Again,” Current History, November 2001, pp. 369-374

 

Week 10

Tues., Nov 2, “COPING WITH DIVERSITY?”

·         Duncan Perry, “Macedonia: Melting Pot or Meltdown?” Current History, November 2001, pp. 362-368.

·         Carter Johnson, “Remarkable Peace: Democratic Transition in the Balkans,” manuscript, 2001, pp. 2-25.

 

Thurs., Nov 4, “MARGINALIZED PEOPLES”

·         Zoltan Barany, “Living on the Edge: The East European Roma in Post-Communist Politics and Societies,” Slavic Review 53, 2, Summer 1994, pp.  321-344.

 

Week 11

Tues., Nov 9, PAPER DUE

 

Thurs., Nov 11, “SERBIA'S LONG BOUT OF AUTHORITARIANISM”

·         Eric Gordy, “The Destruction of Political Alternatives,The Culture of Power in Serbia, University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1999, pp. 21-60.

 

INTERNATIONAL INTERVENTION

Week 12

Tues., Nov 16, “ORDINARY REACTIONS TO AUTHORITIARIANISM AND NATO BOMBING”

·         Jasmina Tesanovic, The Dairy of a Political Idiot: Normal Life in Belgrade, San Francisco: Midnight Editions, 2000.

 

Thurs., Nov 18, “PROMOTING PEACE IN BOSNIA?”

·         Elizabeth Cousens, “Missed Opportunities to Overcompensation: Implementing the Dayton Agreement on Bosnia,” in Stephen Stedman, et al., eds., Ending Civil Wars, Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2002, pp. 531-3; 536-61.

·         Susan Woodward, "Bosnia After Dayton" in R. Rothstein, ed., After the Peace, Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1999, 142-4.

 

Week 13

Tues., Nov 23, “PROMOTING ‘JUSTICE?’”

·         Vojin Dimitrijevic, “Justice Must be Done and be Seen to be Done: The Milosevic Trial,” East European Constitutional Review, Vol. 11, Nos. 1-2, 2002, pp. 1-5.

·         Read from the International Criminal Tribunal on the Former Yugoslavia’s website:

 

THANKSGIVING!

 

Week 14

Tues., Nov 30, “EXPANDING EUROPE

·         Heather Grabbe, “The Implications of EU Enlargement,” in White, Batt, and Lewis, eds., Developments in Central and East European Politics, Durham: Duke University Press, 2003, pp. 253-66.

 

THE FUTURE

Thurs., Dec 2, “TOWARD SMALLER OR LARGER UNITS, WAR OR PEACE?”

·         Scott Anderson, “The Curse of Blood and Vengeance,” New York Times Magazine,12/26/1999, pp. 29-35, 44, 54, 56.

·         Brendan O’Leary, “Peace in Our Time?” London: BBC News transcript, April 13, 2000, pp. 1-11.